Economy
regains pre-pandemic size
The UK
economy grew strongly in November to move beyond its pre-COVID level with
increasing momentum recorded across all industry sectors prior to the arrival
of the Omicron variant.
Data
released by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) revealed that the economy
grew by 0.9% in November. This was much stronger than the consensus forecast
predicted in a Reuters poll of economists and saw the UK economy finally
recover all of the ground lost during the pandemic, with November’s output
figure 0.7% above its February 2020 level.
Commenting
on the figures, ONS Chief Economist Grant Fitzner said, “The economy grew
strongly in the month before Omicron struck, with architects, retailers,
couriers and accountants having a bumper month. Construction also recovered
from several weak months as many raw materials became easier to get hold of.”
Economic
activity over the last two months, however, has clearly been hit by the spread
of the Omicron variant. Data from IHS Markit/CIPS Purchasing Managers’ Index
(PMI) reported a sharp slowdown in UK private sector growth in December and activity
slipped further in January as Omicron again hit consumer-facing companies.
Disruption
due to the rise in virus cases also contributed to the International Monetary
Fund (IMF) cutting its 2022 global growth forecast. In its latest economic
musings released on 25 January, the international soothsayer noted that the
world economy was in a ‘weaker position’ than previously expected and
downgraded its prediction for global growth by half a percentage point to 4.4%.
The
updated IMF forecast also suggests the UK economy is set to grow more slowly
than previously anticipated, with this year’s growth estimate cut to 4.7%.
While this does represent a notable reduction from last October’s 5.0%
forecast, it still leaves the UK as the fastest growing economy among the G7
industrialised nations.
Inflation at 30-year
high
Official statistics
released last month showed the UK headline rate of inflation now stands at its
highest level since March 1992, with survey data pointing to further cost
pressures in the pipeline.
The
latest ONS figures show that the Consumer Prices Index (CPI) 12-month rate –
which compares prices in the current month with the same period a year earlier
– rose to 5.4% in December. This was 0.2% ahead of market expectations and a
sizeable jump compared to the previous month’s rate of 5.1%.
Rising
prices across the food, hospitality, household goods and clothing sectors were
all key drivers of the increase, while fuel prices also remained at recent high
levels. With gas and electricity bills set for a further sharp hike in April,
some economists are now predicting that the CPI rate is likely to hit 7% by the
spring.
Two
recently released surveys also point to further inflationary pressures as firms
continue to grapple with rapidly rising cost burdens. January’s IHS Markit/CIPS
PMI report stated that cost pressures remain ‘elevated at near-record levels,’
while the Confederation of British Industry’s Industrial Trends Survey for the
quarter to January showed ‘intense and escalating cost and price pressures’
with manufacturers reporting average costs growing at the quickest rate since
1980.
January’s
data has intensified pressure on Bank of England (BoE) policymakers to raise interest
rates again in a bid to dampen consumer demand and bring inflation back down
towards the Bank’s 2% target. In December, the BoE became the first major
central bank to raise rates since the onset of the pandemic when it announced a
15-basis-point increase taking Bank Rate to 0.25%. A recent Reuters poll found
most economists expect a second hike to be sanctioned when the next meeting of
the Bank’s Monetary Policy Committee concludes on 3 February.
Markets (Data compiled by TOMD)
At the end of January,
major global markets largely closed in negative territory as investors
monitored developments between the Ukraine and Russia, and concerns over rising
interest rates weighed on sentiment.
In the UK, the FTSE 100 recorded its
second consecutive monthly increase to end January up 1.08%,
while the FTSE 250 and AIM both lost ground to close the month on 21,926.62 and
1,094.97 respectively. Meanwhile, in Japan the Nikkei 225 ended the
month on 27,001.98, down over 6%, and the Euro Stoxx 50 closed January down
2.88% on 4,174.60.
The prospect
of higher US interest rates impacted markets towards month end, as the Fed
signalled that the cycle of rate hikes will commence in March. With
US inflation running at its highest level in
almost 40 years, and following a volatile month of trading, the Dow Jones closed January down 3.32%, while the NASDAQ closed down almost
9%, its worst January since 2008.
On the foreign exchanges, sterling closed the
month at $1.34 against the US dollar. The euro closed at €1.19 against sterling
and at $1.12 against the US dollar.
The oil price continued its recent rise ahead of a key OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) meeting in early February. Supported by supply shortages and political tension in the Middle East and Eastern Europe, Brent Crude closed the month trading at around $88 a barrel, a gain of over 13%. Gold is trading at around $1,795 a troy ounce, a loss of around 0.59% on the month.
Wages
squeezed by rising inflation
Although last month’s
batch of labour market statistics revealed record job creation, the data also
showed pay growth is failing to keep up with the rising cost of living.
According
to the latest figures released by ONS, the number of payrolled employees
continues to grow strongly, with companies adding another 184,000 staff to
their payrolls in December. The data also showed that unemployment remains on a
downward trend, with the headline rate falling to 4.1% in the three months to
November, the lowest figure since June 2020.
However,
despite this positive news, the data also revealed that pay is now being
squeezed by the rapid rise in inflation. While the latest figures did report
relatively strong levels of pay growth, wages were found to be rising less
quickly than prices over the same period. As a result, real average weekly
earnings fell by 1% in November, the first decline in inflation-adjusted pay
since July 2020.
Responding
to the data, the Resolution Foundation think tank said, ‘Real wages
officially began to fall in November, and the current period of shrinking pay
packets is likely to get worse before it starts to ease in the second half of
2022.’
Retail sales fall sharply
The latest retail
sales statistics revealed a large decline in sales volumes during December due
to this year’s earlier Christmas shopping patterns and rising COVID cases deterring High Street visits.
ONS
data showed that total retail sales volumes fell by 3.7% in December,
significantly weaker than analysts’
expectations. This decline did, however, follow a particularly
strong set of figures in November as reports of potential shortages in the
run-up to Christmas encouraged consumers to do much of their
festive shopping earlier than usual.
Commenting
on the data, ONS Statistician Heather Bovill said, “After strong
pre-Christmas trading in November, retail sales fell across the board in
December, with feedback from retailers suggesting Omicron impacted on footfall.
However, despite the fall in December, retail sales are still stronger than
before the pandemic.”
Evidence
from the latest CBI Distributive Trades Survey suggests sales remained below
seasonal norms in January – almost a third of retailers described
sales as poor for the time of year compared with under a tenth who said
they were strong, the worst reading on this
measure
since March 2021. The CBI said it was not surprised sales were
viewed as disappointing given the spread of Omicron, tighter
restrictions and increased consumer caution.
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