Chancellor’s
fiscal statement delayed
The
government has pushed back the date of its much-anticipated Medium-Term Fiscal
Plan in order to ensure it is based on the “most
accurate” economic forecasts available.
Chancellor Jeremy Hunt had been due to
deliver his first fiscal statement detailing how the government plans to repair
the country’s public finances on 31 October, but following Rishi Sunak’s
appointment as Prime Minister, it was decided to move the announcement back by
two-and-a-half weeks.
The fiscal event, which will now be delivered
on 17 November, has also been upgraded to a full Autumn Statement, paving the
way for wider taxation policies to be announced. The Chancellor’s tax and
spending plans will also be accompanied by updated economic growth and
borrowing forecasts produced by the independent Office for Budget
Responsibility (OBR).
When announcing the postponement, Mr Hunt
said, “Our number one priority is
economic stability and restoring confidence that the United Kingdom is a country
that pays its way. I’m willing to make choices that are politically
embarrassing if they’re the right thing to do for the country, if they’re in
the national interest.”
Financial markets were relatively calm after
the news broke with analysts describing the delay as understandable, and both
sterling and government bond prices were little changed by the announcement.
The International Monetary Fund, which had criticised the previous Chancellor’s
unfunded tax cuts, offered support to the incoming Prime Minister, with the
organisation’s Chief Kristalina Georgieva suggesting Rishi Sunak will bring “fiscal discipline” to the UK.
The
Chancellor has been keen to demonstrate his fiscal credentials, reiterating his
commitment to “debt falling over the
medium term.” This suggests the government will have some tough tax and
spending decisions to make in order to fill the budget black hole, with
Treasury officials warning people “should
not underestimate the scale of this challenge.”
Inflation back at 40-year
high
Soaring food prices
have pushed the UK inflation rate back to a four-decade high, fuelling
expectations of a sharp interest rate hike at the
next Bank of England (BoE) Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting in early
November.
Data
released last month by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) showed that the
headline rate of inflation rose to 10.1% in September after dipping to 9.9% in
August. This was slightly above analysts’ expectations and took consumer price
inflation back to a 40-year high previously hit in July.
The
food and non-alcoholic drinks sector was the biggest upward contributor to
September’s rise, with prices in this category recording their biggest jump
since April 1980. ONS said the price of most key items in an average
household’s food basket rose, including fish, sugar, fruit and rice, as the war
in Ukraine and recent weakness in the pound made both food products and
ingredients more expensive.
This
further jump in inflation has placed additional pressure on the BoE to raise
interest rates when its next MPC meeting concludes on 3 November. Speaking at a
G30 event in Washington in mid-October, Bank Governor Andrew Bailey
acknowledged rates may need to rise by more than the BoE had previously
envisaged. The Governor said, “We will
not hesitate to raise interest rates to meet the inflation target. And, as
things stand today, my best guess is that inflationary pressures will require a
stronger response than we perhaps thought in August.”
While
the Chancellor’s decision to delay his fiscal statement until after the Bank’s
November meeting will make policymakers’ deliberations more difficult, analysts
still expect them to take decisive action. Indeed, over half of respondents in
a recent Reuters poll of economists expect rates to rise by 0.75% in November,
with most of the others predicting a 1% increase.
Markets (Data compiled by TOMD)
As October drew to a close, UK stock markets benefited
from a Halloween rebound. The blue-chip FTSE 100 index closed the month at a
five-week high, up 2.91% to 7,094.53, buoyed by gains across Britain’s high street banks, amid
expectations of an imminent Bank Rate rise. The FTSE 250 registered a gain of 4.20%, while the FTSE AIM ended October
with a small loss of 0.03%.
On the continent, the Euro Stoxx 50 closed
the month up 9.02%. Eurozone annual inflation reached a record
high of 10.7% in October, ahead of analyst expectations of 10.3%. In Japan, the
Nikkei 225 closed October on 27,587.46, up 6.36%. The Bank of Japan has chosen to
maintain ultra-low interest rates, bucking the tightening trend among global
central banks.
Across the pond, earnings season is in full swing and US markets
are awaiting the highly anticipated Federal Reserve rates meeting in early
November. Following a challenging September, markets made a comeback in October,
with the
Dow closing the month up 13.95% on 32,732.95, its best monthly advance since
January 1976. Meanwhile the tech-orientated Nasdaq closed October on 10,988.15, up 3.90%.
On the foreign exchanges, the euro closed at €1.16 against
sterling. The US dollar closed the month at $1.14 against sterling and at $0.98
against the euro.
Gold is currently trading at around $1,639 a troy ounce, a loss of 1.96% on the month. Pressure from anticipated rate hikes, rising yields and the relative strength of the dollar are weighing on the precious metal. Brent Crude closed the month trading at around $91 a barrel, a gain of 7.05%, following a decision by the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC+) alliance to make sizable cuts to output from November.
UK
economy unexpectedly shrinks
Growth
statistics released by ONS show the economy unexpectedly contracted in August
while forward-looking indicators point to further deterioration following the
country’s recent political and market turmoil.
According to the latest gross domestic
product (GDP) figures the UK
economy shrank by 0.3% in August with output in both the production and
services sectors falling back. ONS noted that a number of customer-facing
businesses, including retail, hairdressers and hotels, had all fared ‘relatively poorly’ during the month.
August’s figure was significantly weaker than
analysts’ expectations, with the consensus from a Reuters poll of economists
pointing to zero growth. July’s GDP figure was also revised down to 0.1% from a
previous estimate of 0.2%; as a result, output across the three months to
August as a whole fell by 0.3%.
Analysts have warned that September could see
an even sharper decline, partly due to the extra Bank Holiday to mark the
Queen’s funeral and reduction in business opening hours during the period of
mourning. Recent survey
evidence also suggests the downturn is set to intensify, with October’s
preliminary headline reading of S&P Global’s Purchasing Managers’ Index
showing the pace of economic decline ‘gathered
momentum after the recent political and financial market upheavals.’
Unemployment
rate falls again
The latest labour
market statistics showed that the rate of unemployment in the UK declined to
its lowest level in nearly 50 years, driven by an increase in the number of
people leaving the workforce.
ONS
figures showed the unemployment rate
fell to 3.5% in the three months to August, its lowest level since December to
February 1974. This decline, however, was due to an increase in the number of
working-age adults who are neither working nor looking for work.
The
economic inactivity rate, which measures the proportion of 16 to 64-year-olds
who are not in the labour force, rose to 21.7% in the June to August period, an
increase of 0.6 percentage points
from the
previous quarter. This rise was partly driven by an increase in student
numbers, as well as a rise in the number of people suffering with a long-term
illness, which rose to a record high.
This
resulted in the ratio of
unemployed people to job vacancies dropping to a record low, despite the latest
data revealing a decline in the total number
of vacancies. ONS noted that the fall in vacancies was due to a number of
employers reducing recruitment ‘due to a
variety of economic pressures.’
All details are correct at the time of writing (01
Nov 2022).
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